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Johann Arzberger (10 April 1778, Arzberg, , Bayreuth Princedom/(today's) Upper Franconia〔At the time (till 1810) this area was not a territory of the Electorate of Bavaria〕 28 December 1835, Vienna) was a German-born Austrian technologist. He worked as a manager of equipment of the ''Fürstlich Salm'sche Eisenwerke'' ("Princely Salm's Ironworks") by (17761836) in Moravia. From 1816 on, he served as a professor of mechanical technology at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna. He published scientific articles in the field of mechanics in Gilbert's ''Annalen der Physik'' as well as in the Annals of the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna.〔(NDB/ADB Deutsche Biographie )〕 Arzberger was a pioneer of urban street lighting — with Johann Joseph von Prechtl (1778-1854), he developed a coal gas production plant for illumination purposes at the institute. In 1818, there were 25 operational public gas lanterns in Vienna. In 1820, he invented an early steam carriage designed for travel on ordinary roads without the need of rails. On weekends and national holidays, he gave lectures free of charge.〔(Biography ) @ aeiou Encyclopedia〕〔(Austria Forum ) (biography)〕 ==Career== Johann Arzberger was director of the Royal Salm'sche iron works of Hugo Altgraf Franz of Salm-Reifferscheidt (1776-1836) in Moravia. In 1815 he was invited by the founder of the Imperial Polytechnic Institute (now the Technical University of Vienna) Johann Joseph Prechtl (1778-1854) to apply for the professorship for skilled mechanics and client machines. On 3 January 1816 Arzberger was awarded the Magisterium of practical teaching machines, in March of that year he took over the chair and the following November began lecturing .〔Bauer: ''Feuilleton. Johann Arzberger'', S. 3.〕 In 1816 Arzberger constructed the first major facility for the production of illuminating gas from coal with Prechtl in Vienna and thus was a pioneer of urban street lighting . Vienna was the first city on the European continent, which brought coal gas for lighting streets and public places in a large scale.〔 As a result of his work on steam power, Arzberger found a practical use for implementing a steam powered carriage in 1820, which could move on ordinary roads without rails or any guidance. The boiler tube used in this case had already been introduced in 1816 at the Vienna Polytechnic.〔Bauer: ''Feuilleton. Johann Arzberger'', S. 5.〕 His fame and popularity among artists and artisans led him to comply with a request to establish free Sunday lectures on mechanical objects. This was so widely popular that it soon was copied by millwrights, carpenters, and masons, and supported as early the principle of "preparation courses" (non-profit training schools).〔Bauer: ''Feuilleton. Johann Arzberger'', S. 6.〕〔Bauer: ''Feuilleton. Johann Arzberger'', S. 4.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Johann Arzberger」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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